{"id":20262,"date":"2022-09-23T13:34:08","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T17:34:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.edilex.com\/?p=20262"},"modified":"2026-04-16T08:31:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T12:31:56","slug":"les-clauses-de-non-concurrence-pas-une-panacee-dans-le-domaine-de-la-sante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edilex.com\/fr\/blog\/2022\/09\/23\/les-clauses-de-non-concurrence-pas-une-panacee-dans-le-domaine-de-la-sante\/","title":{"rendered":"Les clauses de non-concurrence, pas une panac\u00e9e dans le domaine de la sant\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans un arr\u00eat du 22\u00a0ao\u00fbt 2022, la Cour d\u2019appel du Qu\u00e9bec a accueilli en partie un appel aux seules fins de d\u00e9clarer nuls certains passages d\u2019une clause de non-concurrence.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019arr\u00eat Gestion Philippe Girard inc.<\/em> c. Clinique de r\u00e9habilitation prosthodontique de Qu\u00e9bec inc.[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, deux dentistes ne peuvent s\u2019entendre quant aux termes du retrait de l\u2019un des deux actionnaires. L\u2019appelant Girard et l\u2019intim\u00e9e Landry sont tous deux membres de l\u2019Ordre des dentistes du Qu\u00e9bec et sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en prosthodontie. Leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de gestion respectives sont actionnaires \u00e0 parts \u00e9gales de la clinique, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions constitu\u00e9e en vertu de la Loi canadienne sur les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s par actions<\/em>[2]<\/a>. La convention entre actionnaires contient une clause de retrait des affaires et un engagement de non-sollicitation et de non-concurrence. Apr\u00e8s plusieurs ann\u00e9es, Girard souhaite quitter la clinique afin de poursuivre ses activit\u00e9s au sein d\u2019une autre clinique situ\u00e9e \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Landry ne s\u2019oppose pas \u00e0 son d\u00e9part, mais souhaite conserver la clinique. Plusieurs points sont soulev\u00e9s, mais celui qui nous int\u00e9resse ici concerne la clause de non-concurrence, \u00e9l\u00e9ment central du d\u00e9saccord entre les parties.<\/p>\n

Les appelants soul\u00e8vent en appel, pour la premi\u00e8re, que l\u2019engagement de non-concurrence est nul de nullit\u00e9 absolue, car contraire \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public puisqu\u2019il a pour effet de limiter le droit des patients \u00e0 la continuit\u00e9 des soins. Les appelants se basent sur l\u2019arr\u00eat Mirachi\u00a0<\/em>c.\u00a0Lussier<\/em>[3]<\/a> selon lequel un engagement de cesser de traiter des patients, au moyen d\u2019une convention commerciale, touche directement \u00e0 l\u2019exercice du libre choix du patient et compromet donc la continuit\u00e9 de ses traitements. Les droits des patients sont d\u2019ordre public et la clause de non-concurrence qui cherche \u00e0 les limiter doit \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e strictement, conform\u00e9ment au Code civil du Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>[4]<\/a>, \u00e0 la Loi sur les services de sant\u00e9 et les services sociaux<\/em>[5]<\/a> et, en l\u2019occurrence, au Code de d\u00e9ontologie des dentistes<\/em><\/a>[6]<\/a>. L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des patients a pr\u00e9s\u00e9ance sur celui des professionnels.<\/p>\n

La Cour d\u2019appel souligne toutefois qu\u2019il est faux de conclure pour autant qu\u2019il est impossible d\u2019inclure une clause de non-concurrence dans une convention d\u2019actionnaires ou dans un contrat de vente dans le domaine de la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dans ce cas, l\u2019engagement de non-concurrence emp\u00eache Girard de participer, \u00e0 quelque titre que ce soit, incluant \u00e0 titre d\u2019employ\u00e9, aux affaires d\u2019une autre clinique de prosthodontie situ\u00e9e dans un rayon de 50\u00a0km \u00e0 vol d\u2019oiseau de la clinique, et ce, pendant 24\u00a0mois et prohibe, de m\u00eame, toute activit\u00e9 professionnelle dans le domaine de la prosthodontie.<\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019intim\u00e9e, la clause en question n\u2019impose pas \u00e0 Girard de cesser de traiter ses patients et ne prive pas ceux-ci de poursuivre leur traitement. Elle n\u2019impose qu\u2019une limite territoriale raisonnable permettant aux patients de poursuivre leurs traitements avec Girard \u00e0 la condition que celui\u2011ci exerce sa profession \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du rayon indiqu\u00e9. La Cour d\u2019appel rappelle que si une distance de 3 \u00e0 10\u00a0km a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnue comme \u00e9tant raisonnable en mati\u00e8re de soins de sant\u00e9<\/a> par le pass\u00e9, il en va autrement d\u2019une distance de 50\u00a0km \u00e0 vol d\u2019oiseau. Dans les faits, cela emp\u00eache Girard de pratiquer dans une clinique situ\u00e9e dans la communaut\u00e9 urbaine de Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n

Pour conclure, bien que la question ait \u00e9t\u00e9 soulev\u00e9e tardivement, la Cour d\u2019appel accueille l\u2019appel, mais uniquement en ce qui concerne l\u2019interdiction impos\u00e9e \u00e0 Girard de travailler dans une clinique de prosthodontie et d\u2019y exercer les activit\u00e9s professionnelles d\u2019un prosthodontiste. Seule cette portion de la clause est vis\u00e9e par l\u2019ordre public et la protection des droits des patients. L\u2019engagement souscrit de ne pas agir autrement qu\u2019aux fins de la prestation des soins \u00e0 des patients dans une clinique demeure valide.<\/p>\n

En conclusion, il faut donc \u00eatre vigilant avant de conclure qu\u2019une clause de non-concurrence est le rem\u00e8de \u00e0 tous les maux lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une entreprise offrant des soins de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Gestion Philippe Girard inc.<\/em> c. Clinique de r\u00e9habilitation prosthodontique de Qu\u00e9bec inc., <\/em>2022 QCCA 1146.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Loi canadienne sur les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s par actions<\/em>, L.R.C. (1985), ch. C-44.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Mirarchi<\/em> c. Lussier<\/em>, 2007\u00a0QCCA\u00a0284.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Code civil du Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, RLRQ, c. CCQ-1991<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Loi sur les services de sant\u00e9 et les services sociaux<\/em>, RLRQ, c. S\u00a0-4.2.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Code de d\u00e9ontologie des dentistes<\/em>, RLRQ, c. D\u00a0-3, r. 4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans un arr\u00eat du 22\u00a0ao\u00fbt 2022, la Cour d\u2019appel du Qu\u00e9bec a accueilli en partie un appel aux seules fins de d\u00e9clarer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":45901,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovations-juridiques"],"yoast_head":"\nLes clauses de non-concurrence et domaine de la sant\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d\u2019appel du Qu\u00e9bec a accueilli en partie un appel aux seules fins de d\u00e9clarer nuls certains passages d\u2019une clause de non-concurrence.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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