{"id":34024,"date":"2024-04-09T10:24:50","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T14:24:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edilexpert.edilex.com\/?p=34024"},"modified":"2026-04-14T11:52:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T15:52:57","slug":"vers-une-decarbonisation-du-reseau-de-la-sante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edilex.com\/fr\/blog\/2024\/04\/09\/vers-une-decarbonisation-du-reseau-de-la-sante\/","title":{"rendered":"Vers une d\u00e9carbonisation du r\u00e9seau de la sant\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le secteur de la sant\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 lui seul 3,6 % des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (ci-apr\u00e8s \u00ab GES<\/strong> \u00bb) de la province, soit 2,7 millions de tonnes de GES provenant des b\u00e2timents, des transports et des \u00e9missions indirectes[1]<\/a>[2]<\/a>. Parmi les b\u00e2timents de l\u2019\u00c9tat, les \u00ab b\u00e2timents du secteur de la sant\u00e9 sont actuellement responsables de plus de la moiti\u00e9 des \u00e9missions de GES des b\u00e2timents de l\u2019\u00c9tat alors qu\u2019ils repr\u00e9sentent seulement le quart de la superficie. \u00c0 cela s\u2019ajoutent les \u00e9missions des v\u00e9hicules du r\u00e9seau de la sant\u00e9 ainsi que les \u00e9missions indirectes<\/em> \u00bb[3]<\/a>. Ainsi, le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec souhaite que les b\u00e2timents et le parc de v\u00e9hicules de l\u2019\u00c9tat soient z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission d\u2019ici 2040[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Association pour la Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec a donc mandat\u00e9 la firme Dunsky \u00c9nergie + Climat (ci-apr\u00e8s \u00ab Dunsky<\/strong> \u00bb) en mai 2023 afin de r\u00e9aliser une \u00e9tude qui pourrait r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question suivante : comment le secteur de la sant\u00e9 pourrait-il atteindre z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission d\u2019ici 2040[6]<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 la fin de ce rapport, la firme Dunsky a formul\u00e9 plusieurs recommandations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la gouvernance, aux b\u00e2timents, au transport et aux \u00e9missions indirectes. Parmi celles-ci, plusieurs ont retenu notre attention, dont l\u2019assujettissement du minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et des Services sociaux (ci-apr\u00e8s \u00ab MSSS<\/strong> \u00bb) \u00e0 la Loi sur le d\u00e9veloppement durable<\/em>[7]<\/a> ainsi que l\u2019inclusion de la d\u00e9carbonation des b\u00e2timents et des v\u00e9hicules dans le mandat du MSSS. En lien avec les march\u00e9s publics, la firme Dunsky recommande que tous les achats d\u2019ambulances soient \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 partir de 2034. Enfin, parmi les moyens financiers \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s, la firme Dunsky recommande la mise en place de leviers financiers, dont des contrats de performance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un contrat de performance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s utile dans la lutte contre les GES. En effet, il s\u2019agit d\u2019\u00ab un m\u00e9canisme de financement fond\u00e9 sur la performance qui permet \u00e0 une organisation cliente de tirer parti des capacit\u00e9s techniques et financi\u00e8res d\u2019une<\/em> [entreprise de services \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques] pour cr\u00e9er et obtenir un financement dans le but d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les pratiques de gestion de l\u2019\u00e9nergie ou de r\u00e9aliser un projet de modernisation dans un b\u00e2timent ou un groupe de b\u00e2timents<\/em>  \u00bb[8]<\/a>. Le rapport Dunsky fait justement mention d\u2019une \u00e9tude de cas d\u2019un h\u00f4pital \u00e0 haute performance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique[9]<\/a>. Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019h\u00f4pital Humber River situ\u00e9 au nord-ouest de Toronto. Cet h\u00f4pital construit en 2015 et faisant plus de 170 000 m2 <\/sup>consomme 1,3 GJ\/m2<\/sup>, ce qui correspond \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 40% moins d\u2019\u00e9nergie que la moyenne des h\u00f4pitaux au Qu\u00e9bec. C\u2019est en se concentrant notamment sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du chauffage et de la ventilation au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e ainsi que la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de la chaleur durant l\u2019hiver que l\u2019h\u00f4pital a pu r\u00e9duire sa consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Le co\u00fbt annuel d\u2019\u00e9nergie de l\u2019h\u00f4pital est \u00e9galement \u00ab 17 % inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui d\u2019un h\u00f4pital cible du<\/em> [Greening Health Care], ce qui permettrait d\u2019\u00e9conomiser pr\u00e8s de 100 millions de dollars<\/strong> sur une p\u00e9riode de 30 ans <\/em>\u00bb[10]<\/a>. L\u2019\u00e9tude de cas de l\u2019h\u00f4pital Humber River n\u2019est qu\u2019un exemple de l\u2019impact que peuvent avoir les choix effectu\u00e9s lors du processus de passation et de gestion de contrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfin, sur une note plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, il est int\u00e9ressant de souligner que la Loi \u00e9dictant la Loi sur la performance environnementale des b\u00e2timents et modifiant diverses dispositions en mati\u00e8re de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/em>[11]<\/a>est entr\u00e9e en vigueur le 27 mars dernier. Par l\u2019adoption de cette loi, le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec vise notamment \u00e0 r\u00e9duire, d\u2019ici 2030, 60% des \u00e9missions li\u00e9es au chauffage du parc immobilier gouvernemental par rapport \u00e0 leur niveau de 1990[12]<\/a>. Cette loi \u00ab permettra \u00e9galement d\u2019\u00e9tablir des normes en mati\u00e8re de travaux de construction, pour tous les types de b\u00e2timents, et ce, tout au long de leur cycle de vie, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de la construction \u00e0 la d\u00e9construction\/d\u00e9molition<\/em> \u00bb[13]<\/a>. Finalement, en vertu de l\u2019article 4 de cette loi, les organismes publics auront des d\u00e9clarations obligatoires \u00e0 faire au ministre en lien avec la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019un b\u00e2timent, le type d\u2019\u00e9nergie consomm\u00e9e, les mat\u00e9riaux utilis\u00e9s lors des travaux de construction, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, nous remarquons par toutes ces initiatives du gouvernement un r\u00e9el d\u00e9sir de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions des GES dans le secteur public, en passant notamment par des modifications des pratiques des march\u00e9s publics.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Rapport Dunsky \u00c9nergie+Climat<\/em>, Association pour la Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec, 18 d\u00e9cembre 2023, en ligne : https:\/\/aspq.org\/une-nouvelle-feuille-de-route-au-service-de-la-decarbonation-du-systeme-de-sante-quebecois\/<\/a> (consult\u00e9 le 4 avril 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Les \u00e9missions indirectes incluent entre autres les \u00e9missions associ\u00e9es aux d\u00e9chets, aux produits utilis\u00e9s (m\u00e9dicaux et non m\u00e9dicaux), \u00e0 la cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement, \u00e0 la nourriture ainsi qu\u2019aux d\u00e9placements des patients et des employ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Pr\u00e9c<\/em>., note 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a>MELFFCP. Communiqu\u00e9 de presse du 7 novembre 2021: Conf\u00e9rence de Glasgow sur le climat, en ligne :  https:\/\/www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca\/infuseur\/communique.asp?no=4679<\/a> (consult\u00e9 le 4 avril 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec, \u00c9lectrification des transports<\/em>, en ligne : https:\/\/www.quebec.ca\/gouvernement\/politiques-orientations\/electrification-des-transports<\/a> (consult\u00e9 le 4 avril 2024). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Pr\u00e9c<\/em>., note 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> RLRQ, c. D-8.1.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Gouvernement du Canada, Contrats de performance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/em>, en ligne : https:\/\/ressources-naturelles.canada.ca\/efficacite-energetique\/batiments\/services-gouvernement-vert-rncan\/aide-installations-federales\/planification-et-mise-en-oeuvre-des-projets\/liste-soumissionnaires-qualifies\/20748<\/a> (consult\u00e9e le 4 avril 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> A case study in world-class energy efficiency, Humber River Hospital Toronto \u2013 Climate Challenge<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Network<\/em>, Greening Healthcare, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Pr\u00e9c<\/em>., note 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> RLRQ, 2024, c. 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Coalition Avenir Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec va de l\u2019avant avec sa r\u00e9forme pour d\u00e9carboner le secteur des b\u00e2timents 2030<\/em>, 26 mars 2024, en ligne : https:\/\/coalitionavenirquebec.org\/fr\/blog\/2024\/03\/26\/quebec-va-de-lavant-avec-sa-reforme-pour-decarboner-le-secteur-des-batiments-dici-2030\/<\/a> (consult\u00e9 le 5 avril 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le secteur de la sant\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 lui seul 3,6 % des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (ci-apr\u00e8s \u00ab GES \u00bb) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":34025,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-organisme-public"],"yoast_head":"\nVers une d\u00e9carbonisation du r\u00e9seau de la sant\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le secteur de la sant\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 lui seul 3,6 % des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de la province, soit 2,7 millions de tonnes...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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