{"id":8562,"date":"2015-07-20T07:30:21","date_gmt":"2015-07-20T11:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.edilex.com\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\/"},"modified":"2024-03-26T10:57:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T14:57:54","slug":"regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edilex.com\/fr\/blog\/2015\/07\/20\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9gime d’options d’achat d’actions et recours en oppression"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans une d\u00e9cision r\u00e9cente<\/a><\/span><\/span>, la Cour d’appel a statu\u00e9 que\u00a0la clause selon laquelle tout\u00a0octroi d’actions expire au moment o\u00f9\u00a0le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire cesse d’occuper ses\u00a0fonctions au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 peut\u00a0donner lieu \u00e0 un recours en oppression lorsque cette derni\u00e8re lui\u00a0a promis qu’il conserverait ses options en pareilles circonstances.<\/p>\n

Les faits<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cette affaire oppose l’intim\u00e9 Christian Dollo (\u00abDollo<\/strong>\u00bb) \u00e0 l’appelante Premier Tech Lt\u00e9e (\u00abPremier Tech<\/strong>\u00bb). Dollo \u00e9tait actionnaire minoritaire et\u00a0pr\u00e9sident de Premier Tech. Malgr\u00e9 son cong\u00e9diement, Dollo veut exercer les 207 619 options qui lui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 octroy\u00e9es, et ce, nonobstant la clause 8.01.2 dudit r\u00e9gime. Cette clause se lit comme suit:<\/p>\n

8.01.2 Advenant la cessation des fonctions du B\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire aupr\u00e8s de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pour toute raison autre que son d\u00e9c\u00e8s, sa retraite ou son invalidit\u00e9, tout octroi en cours expire \u00e0 la date de la cessation de ses fonctions, de sorte qu’\u00e0 compter de cette derni\u00e8re date, le B\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire perd tous ses droits dans l’octroi \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des Actions pour lesquelles il n’a pas encore lev\u00e9 son Option<\/span>, \u00e0 moins que le conseil d’administration, \u00e0 sa seule discr\u00e9tion, n’en d\u00e9cide autrement; [Nos soulignements]<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9tentions de l’intim\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dollo all\u00e8gue qu’il a fait l’objet d’un cong\u00e9diement sans cause juste et suffisante. Selon lui, le r\u00e9gime d’options d’achat d’actions est un contrat d’adh\u00e9sion. Ce faisant, puisque la clause 8.01.02 ne lui permet pas d’exercer ses options \u00e0 la suite d’un cong\u00e9diement, il s’agit d’une clause abusive au sens de l’article 1437 C.c.Q.<\/p>\n

Au surplus, il soutient que le conseil d’administration de Premier Tech a agi injustement\u00a0en n’exer\u00e7ant pas sa discr\u00e9tion pour qu’il puisse tout de m\u00eame lever ses options. En effet, peu de temps avant son cong\u00e9diement, les dirigeants de Premier Tech lui ont dit\u00a0qu’il conserverait ses options \u00abmalgr\u00e9 une \u00e9ventuelle rupture de son lien d’emploi\u00bb. Pour cette raison, Dollo souhaite se pr\u00e9valoir du recours en oppression pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 l’article 241 de la Loi canadienne sur les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s par actions<\/a><\/em><\/span> (\u00abLCSA<\/strong>\u00bb).<\/p>\n

Premi\u00e8re instance<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance ordonne \u00e0 Premier Tech d’\u00e9mettre \u00e0 Dollo les 207 619 actions qu’il r\u00e9clame. En s’appuyant sur l’article 1379 C.c.Q., le juge est d’avis que le r\u00e9gime d’options d’achat d’actions est un contrat d’adh\u00e9sion et d\u00e9clare abusive\u00a0la clause 8.01.02. Il affirme \u00e9galement\u00a0que puisque son cong\u00e9diement l’a priv\u00e9 d’une partie de sa r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration, Dollo a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9s\u00e9 en tant qu’actionnaire minoritaire.<\/p>\n

Appel<\/strong><\/p>\n

En appel, Premier Tech all\u00e8gue que le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance doit \u00eatre infirm\u00e9 puisque le juge a err\u00e9 en statuant que:<\/p>\n

(i) le cong\u00e9diement dont a fait l\u2019objet Dollo constitue \u00abun cong\u00e9diement sans cause\u00bb;<\/p>\n

(ii) le R\u00e9gime constitue un contrat d\u2019adh\u00e9sion;<\/p>\n

(iii) la clause 8.01.2 est abusive; et<\/p>\n

(iv) Dollo peut se qualifier \u00e0 titre de plaignant au sens de l\u2019article 241 L.c.s.a., d\u2019autant que la preuve ne d\u00e9montre pas qu\u2019il y a eu oppression.<\/p>\n

La Cour d’appel rejette le pourvoi en appuyant toutefois sa d\u00e9cision sur des motifs diff\u00e9rents de ceux invoqu\u00e9s en\u00a0premi\u00e8re instance. Sans qualifier le r\u00e9gime d’options d’achat d’actions de contrat d’adh\u00e9sion, la Cour \u00e9crit ce qui suit:<\/p>\n

[20] Je suis d\u2019avis que Dollo, en sa qualit\u00e9 d\u2019actionnaire et d\u2019ancien actionnaire de Premier Tech, a fait la preuve d\u2019une attente l\u00e9gitime, celle d\u00e9coulant de la promesse que lui ont faite les dirigeants de Premier Tech, soit qu\u2019il allait pouvoir exercer ses options d\u2019achat d\u2019actions malgr\u00e9 la rupture de son lien d\u2019emploi. En refusant de respecter cette promesse, Premier Tech s\u2019est montr\u00e9e injuste envers Dollo.<\/p>\n

[21] Par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de ses dirigeants, Premier Tech et son actionnaire de contr\u00f4le ont invit\u00e9 Dollo \u00e0 adopter une position qui allait lui \u00eatre pr\u00e9judiciable. Or, nul n’est recevable \u00e0 se pr\u00e9valoir de sa propre faute au pr\u00e9judice d’autrui, proposition fond\u00e9e sur le principe qu\u2019on ne doit pas tirer avantage d’une faute que l’on a commise. Au contraire, il est juste de r\u00e9parer le tort que l’on fait[1].<\/p>\n

[22] Cette violation des attentes l\u00e9gitimes de Dollo constitue un geste oppressif au sens de l\u2019article 241 L.c.s.a.<\/p>\n

C’est donc plut\u00f4t le statut d’actionnaire minoritaire de Dollo au moment de son cong\u00e9diement et les promesses qui lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites par les dirigeants de Premier Tech qui am\u00e8nent la Cour \u00e0 rejeter l’appel.<\/p>\n

Il ressort donc que \u00abl’employ\u00e9 par ailleurs actionnaire ou dirigeant peut s’en pr\u00e9valoir [du recours en oppression], si son cong\u00e9diement rev\u00eat un caract\u00e8re oppressif visant \u00e0 le forcer \u00e0 vendre ses actions ou \u00e0 le priver de ses actions\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans une d\u00e9cision r\u00e9cente, la Cour d’appel a statu\u00e9 que\u00a0la clause selon laquelle tout\u00a0octroi d’actions expire au moment o\u00f9\u00a0le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire cesse d’occuper […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites-juridiques"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9gime d'options d'achat d'actions et recours en oppression - Edilex.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edilex.com\/fr\/blog\/2015\/07\/20\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9gime d'options d'achat d'actions et recours en oppression\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans une d\u00e9cision r\u00e9cente, la Cour d’appel a statu\u00e9 que\u00a0la clause selon laquelle tout\u00a0octroi d’actions expire au moment o\u00f9\u00a0le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire cesse d’occuper […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/edilex.com\/fr\/blog\/2015\/07\/20\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Edilex.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-07-20T11:30:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-26T14:57:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Edilex\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Edilex\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/edilex.com\\\/fr\\\/blog\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/20\\\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/edilex.com\\\/fr\\\/blog\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/20\\\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Edilex\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/edilex.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/52d2044714c536753fb0add3ceb175db\"},\"headline\":\"R\u00e9gime d’options d’achat d’actions et recours en oppression\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-07-20T11:30:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-26T14:57:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/edilex.com\\\/fr\\\/blog\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/20\\\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":875,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/edilex.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9s juridiques\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/edilex.com\\\/fr\\\/blog\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/20\\\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/edilex.com\\\/fr\\\/blog\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/20\\\/regime-doptions-dachat-dactions-et-recours-en-oppression\\\/\",\"name\":\"R\u00e9gime d'options d'achat d'actions et recours en oppression - 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