{"id":9639,"date":"2020-11-19T07:40:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-19T07:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.edilex.com\/?p=9639"},"modified":"2026-04-14T11:52:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T15:52:12","slug":"appels-doffres-et-modalites-de-paiement-le-non-paiement-dinterets-sur-les-factures-un-exemple-de-clause-abusive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edilex.com\/fr\/blog\/2020\/11\/19\/appels-doffres-et-modalites-de-paiement-le-non-paiement-dinterets-sur-les-factures-un-exemple-de-clause-abusive\/","title":{"rendered":"Appels d\u2019offres et modalit\u00e9s de paiement : le non-paiement d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats sur les factures, un exemple de clause abusive !"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Il est bon de rappeler que les contrats issus d\u2019un appel d\u2019offres sont des contrats d\u2019adh\u00e9sion au sens du Code civil du Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> (C.c.Q). En effet, le contractant n\u2019a aucune discr\u00e9tion pour n\u00e9gocier les clauses d\u2019un tel contrat : s\u2019il d\u00e9sire r\u00e9aliser le contrat, il doit y adh\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tant les organismes publics r\u00e9gis par la Loi sur les contrats des organismes publics<\/em> (LCOP) que les organismes municipaux doivent donc \u00eatre prudents dans la r\u00e9daction de leurs clauses contractuelles pr\u00e9vues aux documents d\u2019appels d\u2019offres; ces derni\u00e8res peuvent \u00eatre requalifi\u00e9es de \u00ab clauses abusives \u00bb<\/strong> selon l\u2019article 1437 C.c.Q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Ville de Qu\u00e9bec (ci-apr\u00e8s \u00ab la Ville \u00bb) l\u2019a appris \u00e0 ses d\u00e9pens dans le jugement<\/span><\/a> Neptune de la Cour sup\u00e9rieure du 20 mai dernier (\u00e0 ce sujet, par rapport \u00e0 cette m\u00eame d\u00e9cision, voir notre billet<\/span><\/a> pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent concernant la r\u00e9siliation d\u2019un contrat et notre billet<\/span><\/a> pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent concernant l\u2019\u00e9valuation de rendement insatisfaisant).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cette affaire, quatre contrats issus d\u2019appels d\u2019offres publics liaient la Ville avec Neptune, un prestataire de services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en gardiennage et s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Chacun de ces contrats publics contenait les m\u00eames dispositions \u00e0 l\u2019effet que la Ville n\u2019\u00e9tait aucunement redevable du paiement des int\u00e9r\u00eats sur toute somme due envers Neptune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une des clauses du Devis mentionnait notamment ce qui suit, en ce qui concerne la facturation et les modalit\u00e9s de paiement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab (\u2026) aucun int\u00e9r\u00eat n’est pay\u00e9 sur les transactions r\u00e9sultant de ce contrat. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le tribunal a jug\u00e9 que cette disposition contractuelle est excessive et d\u00e9raisonnable, car elle laisse le cr\u00e9ancier sans compensation pendant toute la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 il tente de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer son d\u00fb. Dans cette affaire, le contractant Neptune a donc obtenu gain de cause sur la base de la clause abusive d\u00e9finie \u00e0 l\u2019article 1437 C.c.Q.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1437 <\/strong>: \u00ab La clause abusive d\u2019un contrat de consommation ou d\u2019adh\u00e9sion est nulle ou l\u2019obligation qui en d\u00e9coule, r\u00e9ductible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Est abusive toute clause qui d\u00e9savantage le consommateur ou l\u2019adh\u00e9rent d\u2019une mani\u00e8re excessive et d\u00e9raisonnable, allant ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de ce qu\u2019exige la bonne foi; est abusive, notamment, la clause si \u00e9loign\u00e9e des obligations essentielles qui d\u00e9coulent des r\u00e8gles gouvernant habituellement le contrat qu\u2019elle d\u00e9nature celui-ci. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En cons\u00e9quence, la Cour a ordonn\u00e9 que les int\u00e9r\u00eats soient calcul\u00e9s suivant les dispositions du C.c.Q. et en conformit\u00e9 avec la jurisprudence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les articles 1617 et 1619 C.c.Q<\/strong>. pr\u00e9voient le taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et la date du d\u00e9but du calcul comme suit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1617 : \u00ab<\/strong> <\/strong>Les dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats r\u00e9sultant du retard dans l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019une obligation de payer une somme d\u2019argent consistent dans l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat au taux convenu ou, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut de toute convention, au taux l\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cr\u00e9ancier y a droit \u00e0 compter de la demeure sans \u00eatre tenu de prouver qu\u2019il a subi un pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cr\u00e9ancier peut, cependant, stipuler qu\u2019il aura droit \u00e0 des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats additionnels, \u00e0 condition de les justifier. \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1619 : <\/strong>\u00ab <\/strong>Il peut \u00eatre ajout\u00e9 aux dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats accord\u00e9s \u00e0 quelque titre que ce soit, une indemnit\u00e9 fix\u00e9e en appliquant \u00e0 leur montant, \u00e0 compter de l\u2019une ou l\u2019autre des dates servant \u00e0 calculer les int\u00e9r\u00eats qu\u2019ils portent, un pourcentage \u00e9gal \u00e0 l\u2019exc\u00e9dent du taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat fix\u00e9 pour les cr\u00e9ances de l\u2019\u00c9tat en application de l\u2019article 28 de la Loi sur l\u2019administration fiscale (chapitre A-6.002) sur le taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat convenu entre les parties ou, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, sur le taux l\u00e9gal. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est int\u00e9ressant de mentionner que, contrairement au monde municipal, certains organismes publics r\u00e9gis par la LCOP sont assujettis \u00e0 un r\u00e8glement<\/span><\/a> sp\u00e9cifique sur le paiement des int\u00e9r\u00eats intitul\u00e9 R\u00e8glement sur le paiement d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats aux fournisseurs du gouvernement<\/em><\/span><\/a>[1]<\/span><\/a> <\/em>(\u00ab le R\u00e8glement \u00bb). Ce dernier est r\u00e9put\u00e9 pris en vertu de l\u2019article 23 de la LCOP et s\u2019applique \u00e0 tout minist\u00e8re ou organisme dont le budget est vot\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e Nationale[2]<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, les organismes publics vis\u00e9s par ce R\u00e8glement doivent pr\u00e9ciser dans leurs contrats (issus d\u2019appels d\u2019offres ou de gr\u00e9 \u00e0 gr\u00e9) qu\u2019ils sont assujettis \u00e0 celui-ci. Par cons\u00e9quent, ces derniers doivent payer dans un d\u00e9lai maximal de 30 jours de la r\u00e9ception d\u2019une facture[3]<\/span><\/a>. \u00c0 d\u00e9faut, un fournisseur peut sur demande r\u00e9clamer le paiement des int\u00e9r\u00eats de retard, lequel se calcule \u00e0 compter du premier jour de retard, au taux en vigueur en vertu de l\u2019article 28 de la Loi sur l\u2019administration fiscale<\/em>[4]<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfin, en vertu de l\u2019article 5 du R\u00e8glement, les retenues de paiement pr\u00e9vues aux termes de certains contrats ne sont pas des paiements en retard tant que l\u2019acceptation et la v\u00e9rification finales n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es et qu\u2019il ne s\u2019est pas \u00e9coul\u00e9 plus de 30 jours depuis cette date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En guise de conclusion, nous souhaitons rappeler qu\u2019une bonne pratique \u00e0 adopter est de proscrire toute clause juridique au sein du devis technique. Les clauses de paiement du prix devraient donc figurer uniquement au contrat, tout en respectant le C.c.Q. en mati\u00e8re de clause abusive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/span><\/a> R\u00e8glement sur le paiement d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats aux fournisseurs du gouvernement <\/em>(RLRQ; c. C-65.1, r.8)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/span><\/a> Voir art. 1et 2 du R\u00e8glement pr\u00e9cit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/span><\/a> Voir art. 4 al.2 du R\u00e8glement pr\u00e9cit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/span><\/a> Voir art.4 al.3 du R\u00e8glement pr\u00e9cit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il est bon de rappeler que les contrats issus d\u2019un appel d\u2019offres sont des contrats d\u2019adh\u00e9sion au sens du Code civil du […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":38528,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","category-secteur-organismes-publics"],"yoast_head":"\nAppels d\u2019offres et modalit\u00e9s de paiement : le non-paiement d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats sur les factures, un exemple de clause abusive ! - Edilex.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les contrats issus d\u2019un appel d\u2019offres sont des contrats d\u2019adh\u00e9sion au sens du Code civil du Qu\u00e9bec : le contractant n\u2019a aucune discr\u00e9tion...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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